Analysis of adenoid hyperplasia and its influencing factors of neonates / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To explore the characteristics of neonatal adenoid development and to study the relationship between neonatal adenoid development and disease. Methods: A retrospective analysis of neonates who received an electronic rhinopharyngolaryngoscope at Shenzhen Children's Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 was conducted to track the children's medical history and to analyze the adenoid development status. All 131 neonates successfully completed the electronic laryngoscopy. According to the presence or absence of visible adenoid hyperplasia, they were divided into a hyperplasia group (81 cases, 61.83%) and an un-hyperplasia group (50 cases, 38.17%). Results: Compared with the un-hyperplasia group, the age and birth weight of the adenoid hyperplasia group were larger, and the difference was statistically significant (Z age=-4.634,Z weight=-2.273,all P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in gender and gestational age between the two groups. The number of neonates with rhinitis/sinusitis in the hyperplasia group were significantly more than those in the un-hyperplasia group (62.96% vs 48%). Conclusion: The development of neonatal adenoids is related to daily age, birth weight, but not significantly related to gender and gestational age.

Pólipo piloso nasofaríngeo en un recién nacido con obstrucción intermitente de la vía aérea. Presentación de un caso / Nasopharyngeal hairy polyp in a newborn with intermittent airway obstruction. Case report

Los pólipos pilosos nasofaríngeos son tumores benignos poco frecuentes. Se presenta el caso de esta patología en una paciente recién nacida, quien presentó cianosis y dificultad respiratoria por obstrucción de la vía aérea superior, durante las primeras 24 horas de vida. La paciente requirió maniobras de reanimación e intubación endotraqueal. Estudios diagnósticos confirmaron la presencia de una masa en la pared lateral de la faringe. Se realizó la extirpación quirúrgica exitosa con evolución satisfactoria de la paciente

Nasopharyngeal hairy polyps are rare benign tumors. We present a newborn case with a hairy polyp mass causing cyanosis and respiratory distress due to obstruction of the upper airway during the first 24 hours of life. The patient required resuscitation and endotracheal intubation. Diagnostic studies confirmed the presence of a mass in the lateral pharyngeal wall. Surgical treatment and removal of the mass was performed with satisfactory evolution of the patient

Glossopharyngeal and vagus neuropathy associated to stylopharyngeus muscle compression in horse guttural pouch ­ case report / Neuropatia do glossofaringeo e vago associada à compressão pelo musculo estilofaringeo em bolsa gutural de equino ­ relato de caso

Neuropathies of pharyngeal branches of glossopharyngeal and vagus are often associated with guttural pouches diseases; however, these branches of injury due to stylopharyngeus muscle compression are not reported. A case was reported of a quarter horse mare, 8 years old, 450 kg, presenting dyspnea and respiratory noise associated with weight loss. Clinical examination observed mixed dyspnea, tachycardia, dysphagia, sialorrhea, lung crackles and submandibular and parotid lymphadenopathy. Endoscopic exam showed right arytenoid chondritis, nasopharyngeal collapse, generalized larynx edema and dorsal displacement of the soft palate. Right guttural pouch evaluation showed swelling in the origin of stylopharyngeus muscle with consequent compression of the XII, X and IX cranial nerves. Tracheotomy, systemic treatment with corticosteroids, beta lactams and aminoglycosides antibiotics were performed. No resolution was observed and, after 16 days, the animal showed clinical worsening, developed pleuropneumonia, uveitis, severe sepsis, acute renal failure and was euthanized. The mixed neuropathy resulted in rapid clinical deterioration of the animal, due to the difficulty in swallowing and consequent associated respiratory processes. This report emphasizes the importance of evaluating stylopharyngeus muscle origin in cases of nasopharyngeal collapse associated with dysphagia in horses, given the possibility that structural changes in this muscle can result in laryngeal neuropathy.(AU)

As neuropatias do glossofaríngeo e vago são frequentemente associadas com enfermidade das bolsas guturais. A ocorrência desta lesão secundária a compressão pelo músculo estilofaríngeo não é reportada. Relata-se o caso de uma égua quarto de milha, 8 anos de idade, 450 kg, apresentando dispneia, ruído respiratório e perda de peso. No exame clínico observou-se dispnéia mista, taquicardia, disfagia, sialorréia, crepitação pulmonar e linfadenopatia submandibular e parotídea. Ao exame endoscópico identificou-se condrite aritenóide direita, colapso nasofaríngeo, edema generalizado da laringe e deslocamento dorsal do palato mole. Na avaliação da bolsa gutural direita identificou-se aumento de volume na origem do músculo estilofaríngeo com consequente compressão dos nervos cranianos XII, X e IX. Foi realizada traqueotomia, tratamento sistêmico com corticosteróides e antibióticos. Nenhuma resolução foi observada, após 16 dias o animal apresentou piora clínica, pleuropneumonia, uveíte, sepse grave, insuficiência renal aguda e foi submetido à eutanásia. A neuropatia mista resultou em rápida deterioração clínica do animal, devido à dificuldade de deglutição e processos respiratórios associados. Salienta-se a importância de se avaliar a origem do músculo estilofaríngeo em casos de colapso nasofaríngeo associado a disfagia em cavalos, dada a possibilidade de que alterações estruturais nesse músculo possam resultar em neuropatia laríngea.(AU)

Two Cases of Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Stricture Treated with Nasoseptal Flap / 대한이비인후과학회지

The treatment of total or near-total nasopharyngeal stenosis is challenging because of frequent restenosis. Many treatment strategies including scar release with CO₂ laser, mitomycin C application, balloon dilatation or nasopharyngeal stent had been proposed to reduce the restenosis of nasopharynx. But nasopharyngeal patency often fail even after multiple surgical trials. We report two successful cases of nasopharyngeal reconstruction with resurfacing by nasoseptal flap for patients with restenosis history.

Quiste de Thornwaldt. Reporte de un caso / Thornwaldt´s cyst. Case report / Cisto de Thornwaldt. Reporte de um caso

El quiste de Thornwaldt es poco común en la nasofaringe, pueden causar síntomas clínicos significativos. Fue descrito por Tornwaldt en 1885. Es una patología poco frecuente, benigna, inducida por persistencia de remanente de notocorda. Los quistes de Thornwaldt son generalmente siempre asintomáticos. El diagnóstico de esta masa suele ser incidental, como parte de un examen endoscópico nasal, o se puede detectar en el examen radiológico. Reportamos este caso de un paciente adulto que presento sintomatología auditiva inicial, secundario a un quiste nasofaríngeo hallado en la rinofibrolaringocospia, requiriendo tratamiento quirúrgico para su resolución.

Thornwaldt’s cyst is uncommon in the nasopharynx, can cause significant clinical symptoms. It was described by Tornwaldt in 1885. It is a rare, benign pathology induced by persistence of notochord remnant. Thornwaldt’s cysts are usually always asymptomatic. The diagnosis of this mass is usually incidental as part of a nasal endoscopic examination or that can be detected in the radiological examination. We report the case of an adult patient who presented initial, secondary to nasopharyngeal cyst found in the rinofibrolaringocospia auditory symptoms, requiring surgical treatment for resolution.

Thornwaldt Cisto é raro na nasofaringe, pode fazer com que os sintomas clínicos significativos. Foi descrito por Tornwaldt em 1885. É uma doença rara, patologia benigna induzida restos persistentes de notocorda. Thornwaldt cistos são geralmente sempre assintomática. O diagnóstico desta massa é geralmente incidental como parte de um exame endoscópico nasal ou que pode ser detectado no exame radiológico Reportamos este caso de um paciente adulto que apresento sintomatología auditiva inicial, secundário a um quiste nasofaríngeo achado na rinofibrolaringocospia, requerendo tratamento quirúrgico para sua resolução.

Avaliação da PCR-TR na detecção de Haemophilus influenzae em amostras de secreção de nasofaringe de crianças saudáveis / Evaluation of Real-Time PCR assay for Haemophilus influenzae detection in Nasopharyngeal Samples from Healthy Children

Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) é um microrganismo que faz parte da microbiota transitória da nasofaringe humana e, eventualmente, pode causar doenças em indivíduos suscetíveis. A vacina Hib conjugada além de proporcionar uma proteção direta contra a doença nos vacinados, também reduz a colonização da nasofaringe pelas cepas vacinais. Os estudos de portador de Hi na população permitem a caracterização das cepas circulantes, portanto a identificação correta do microrganismo é de fundamental importância para estimar com acurácia o efeito da vacina. A técnica padrão-ouro para detectar Hi em material clínico é a cultura, um método específico, de sensibilidade variável e que demanda maior tempo para a completa identificação do microrganismo. O uso de técnicas moleculares tem auxiliado na diferenciação de Hi de outras espécies do gênero Haemophilus, devido à alta sensibilidade e especificidade para detectar o agente etiológico. Diferentes ensaios de PCR-TR e PCR foram desenvolvidos para o diagnóstico de Hi utilizando diferentes genes alvo específicos como o gene hpd e o gene fucK. Estes genes são altamente conservados e permite a detecção de Hi capsulado e não capsulado. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a acurácia da PCR-TR utilizando o marcador molecular hpd#3 para detectar o Hi na secreção de nasofaringe de crianças saudáveis comparando-a com a cultura. Um total de 410 amostras de secreção de nasofaringe estocadas a -70ºC em meio STGG foi selecionado aleatoriamente para esta avaliação. Pela PCR-TR, 161 (39,2%) amostras foram positivas para o gene hpd e 249 (60,8%) negativas. Pela cultura, 166 (40,5%) amostras foram positivas para Hi e 244 (59,5%) culturas negativas. Sendo assim, a PCR-TR apresentou uma sensibilidade de 90,9% (95% IC: 85,3-94,7) e especificidade de 95,9% (95% IC: 92,4-97,9) quando comparada à cultura para detectar Hi...

Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) colonizes the human nasopharynx and eventually can cause diseases in susceptible individuals. The Hib conjugate vaccine provides direct protection against the diseases and also reduces nasopharyngeal colonization by vaccine strain. Hi carriage studies allow the knowledge of circulating strains and the accurate identification of the microorganism is important to estimate the effect of the vaccine. Culture is the gold standard method to detect Hi in clinical samples, this is a specific method, with variable sensitivity and demand more time for the complete identification of the microorganism. The use of molecular techniques has helped in differentiating Hi from other species of the Haemophilus spp. due to the high sensitivity and specificity to detect the etiologic agent. Different RT-PCR and PCR assays were developed for the diagnosis of Hi using several biomarker genes such as hpd and fucK gene. These genes are highly conserved and are present in encapsulated and non-encapsulated Hi strains, allowing the detection of both variants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of RT-PCR to detect Hi in nasopharyngeal samples of healthy children vaccinated against Hib comparing it with the culture. A total of 410 nasopharyngeal swabs stored at -70°C in STGG medium were randomly selected to evaluate RT-PCR assay targeting protein D (hpd#3). Considering the 410 nasopharyngeal swabs, 161 (39.2%) samples were positive for Hi and 249 (60.8%) had negative RT-PCR. By culture, 166 (40.5%) samples were positive for Hi and 244 (59.5%) were negative. Thus, the hpd#3 RT-PCR showed a sensitivity of 90.9% (95% CI: 85.3 - 94.7) and a specificity of 95.9% (95% CI: 92.4 - 97.9) when compared to culture to detect Hi in nasopharyngeal swabs. The results showed no significant difference (McNemar's chi-square = 0.64 p>0.5) between RT-PCR and culture and the Kappa coefficient showed an excellent agreement (0.873) between the two techniques...

Primary nasopharyngeal tuberculosis presenting as durative aural fullness: one case report and literature review / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the clinical features, diagnosis and treatments of primary nasopharyngeal tuberculosis.@*METHOD@#A case report was presented, and meanwhile etiopathogenesis and differential diagnosis were also reviewed.@*RESULT@#A biopsy was taken and the histopathological examination showed tuberculosis granuloma with caseous necrosis. After anti-tuberculosis therapy, the symptoms disappeared.@*CONCLUSION@#Not only otologic disorders but also nasopharyngeal diseases need to be considered when aural fullness exists. More importantly, primary nasopharyngeal tuberculosis should be taken as one of the differential diagnosis.

Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: Our experience and literature review

Introduction: Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a rare, highly vascular, and histologically benign tumor, generally observed in male adolescents. It shows very aggressive behavior due to local invasiveness and is associated with various symptoms. Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma originates in the sphenopalatine forame, causing epistaxes and nasal obstruction. Objective: To retrospectively describe our experience in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Scientific drawing: Retrospective, descriptive study conducted after approval from the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Sergipe (protocol 0114.0.107.000 -11). Methods: We analyzed findings in 20 patients who underwent surgery between 2004 and 2011. Factors analyzed include patient age and gender, symptoms, stages, treatment, length of surgery, intraoperatory bleeding, postoperative need for nasal tampons, hospitalization time, complications, and tumor recurrence. Results: Patients were aged 10-29 years. All patients were treated surgically, including 17 who underwent endoscopic surgery. The mean operation time was 120 min, and the mean bleeding volume was 300 mL. Seventeen patients required clamping of the external carotids and tumor embolization. Conclusion: Endoscopic surgery alone or with other conventional techniques was safe for the treatment of angiofibromas of different stages...

Primary Nasopharyngeal Tuberculosis.

Tuberculous infection of the upper respiratory tract is an uncommon clinical condition and in that nasopharyngeal involvement is struck with rarity per se. This condition is often prevalent in people of low socioeconomic strata living in endemic areas, especially in developing countries. It has a silent and indolent course and most commonly mimicks nasopharyngeal carcinoma in its clinical presentation. In absence of concurrent pulmonary involvement, it is often misdiagnosed or diagnosed only after the biopsy has been taken. Nevertheless, high index of suspicion is required on part of the clinician to diagnose this comparatively rare entity.

Primary tuberculosis of nasopharynx (adenoid)- a rare presentation

Tuberculosis has global presence and no part of human body is immune to it, most frequent site beings lungs. Nasopharyngeal tuberculosis is a rare type of extrapulmonary tuberculosis comprising only less than 1% of tuberculosis found in the upper respiratory tract. The authors are presenting here a case of primary tuberculousis affecting the nasopharynx (adenoids) which is one of the rare differential diagnosis of nasopharyngeal mass. Isolated nasopharyngeal tuberculosis is a rare condition even in the endemic areas. In literature there are varied clinical presentations of nasopharyngeal tuberculosis. Tuberculosis should be one of the differential diagnosis of nasopharyngeal lesion. Biopsy and histologic study should be performed in every patient to avoid misdiagnosis. When treated properly, nasopharyngeal tuberculosis carries a excellent prognosis, and complete resolution of disease is the rule.

Pathogeny and treatment of 50 nasopharyngeal tuberculosis cases / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the clinical characters and treatment of nasopharyngeal tuberculosis, and to provide a scientific basis for improving clinical diagnosis of nasopharyngeal tuberculosis.@*METHOD@#The clinical materials of 50 patients diagnosed as nasopharyngeal tuberculosis in Guangzhou Chest Hospital were reviewed and analyzed. All the 50 patients were given regular antituberculosis treatment with 3HRZS(E)/9HR(E) for one year, and were treated through nasal spray with combination medication of isoniazid, rifampicin and streptomycin injection solution for 3 months.@*RESULT@#All patients were cured through regular antituberculosis treatment for one year, and no recrudescence cases were found in 2 years of follow-up.@*CONCLUSION@#Nasopharyngeal tuberculosis is rare and the clinical manifestation is atypical. It is extremely easy to cause clinical misdiagnosis. A full understanding of the pathogenesis, timely clinical characters under nasopharyngoscope and histopathological examination results are the keys to diagnosis, and to giving regular antituberculosis treatment to obtain satisfactory curative effect.

Extranodal Rosai-Dorfman disease of upper respiratory tract: a clinicopathologic study / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathologic features and differential diagnosis of extranodal Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) of the upper respiratory tract.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical, pathologic and immunohistochemical features of 10 cases of RDD were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 10 cases studied, there were 3 males and 7 females. The age of patients ranged from 20 to 61 years old (mean 38 years). The lesion arose in the nasal cavity (7 cases), nasopharynx (2 cases) or hard palate to trachea (1 case). Most of the patients presented with nasal obstruction, rhinorrhagia or tumor mass in the nasal/nasopharyngeal regions. CT scan often showed the presence of soft tissue lesion without bone destruction. Histologically, extranodal RDD was characterized by light-staining bands alternating with dark-staining bands. The light-staining bands were formed by aggregates of large round or polygonal histiocytes with emperipoiesis. The dark-staining bands were formed by abundant lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates. Immunohistochemical study showed that the histiocytes strongly expressed S-100 protein and partially expressed CD68. Six patients had no recurrence after surgical resection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Extranodal RDD of the upper respiratory tract is a rare disorder of histiocytic proliferation, which usually involves the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. RDD can easily mimic rhinoscleroma, mainly due to the overlapping morphologic appearance. Immunohistochemical study is helpful in the differential diagnosis.</p>

Clinical analysis of abnormal acoustic admittance in preschool children with nasal and nasopharyngeal disorders / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the risk factors of related disorders, which could lead to potential otitis media by observing the abnormal configuration of drum and abnormal acoustic immittance without symptoms in preschool children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty-one cases (162 ears) received flexible pharyngorhinoscopy, skin prick test, CT examination of sinus, and were diagnosed as allergic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis, adenoid hypertrophy. They had no complaints of ear related symptoms, but were observed to have abnormality in ear drum by physical examined. Acoustic immittance measurement were performed, so as to estimate whether they were accompany with potential otitis media. The changes of examination and tests were analyzed before and after the treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 15 cases (29 ears) with abnormal acoustic admittance among 81 cases (162 ears) who had no ear related symptoms but had different degree abnormality in ear drum. The morbidity rate of these 15 patients was 13.6% (6/44 ears) in allergic rhinitis patients, 18.2% (12/66 ears) in chronic sinusitis patients, and 21.2% (11/52 ears) in adenoid hypertrophy patients, respectively. The differences among the three diseases had statistical significance (χ² = 63.02,P < 0.05). Among 29 ears, 28 ears whose type of tympanic pressure curve were transferred from type C to type A two weeks after treatment. One ear whose type of tympanic pressure curve transferred from type B to type C four weeks after treatment. All cases had been followed up with no recurrent cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Some preschool children with nasal and nasopharyngeal disorders had abnormal configuration of drum and abnormal acoustic immittance, and had potential risk for otitis media. Among the disorders, adenoid hypertrophy impact more on middle ear function. The early intervention of related diseases could prevent the developing trend of otitis media.</p>

Infestación por miasis buco nasofaríngea: a propósito de un caso / Infection by bucconasopharingeal myiasis: on the purpose of a case

La miasis es la infestación de animales vertebrados y humanos con larvas de dípteros, las cuales, por lo menos durante un cierto periodo de tiempo, se alimentan de tejidos vivos y muertos, líquidos corporales o alimentos ingeridos del hospedero. La miasis bucal es una condición rara no reportada en nuestro medio frecuentemente, y se describe asociada a factores como la pobre higiene oral, nivel socioeconómico bajo, alcoholismo e indigencia. Se presentó el caso de un paciente de 83 años, masculino, de color de piel blanca, con antecedentes de cardiopatía isquémica e hipertensión arterial, quien luego de una pérdida accidental por el bosque, estuvo obligado a dormir al aire libre sin ningún tipo de protección, durante tres noches, y a beber agua estancada. Llegó al cuerpo de guardia del Hospital Universitario Clínico Quirúrgico Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández, en Matanzas, con un cuadro de disnea, lesiones linguales y del paladar, así como expectoración sanguinolenta con abundantes larvas. Se decide llevar al quirófano para la limpieza mecánica de las lesiones presentes.

The myiasis is the infection of vertebrate animals and humans with insects' larvae that, during certain period of time, feed on the living and death tissues, body fluids or the foods eaten by the host. The buccal myiasis is a rare condition that is not frequently reported in our settings. We describe it associated to factors like poor oral hygiene, low socioeconomical level, alcoholism and destitution. We present the case of a male, white patient, aged 83 years old, with antecedents of ischemic heart disease and arterial hypertension, who, after an incidental lost in the woods, had to sleep outdoors without any protections, during three days and to drink stagnant water. He arrived at the emergency unit of the University Clinico-Surgical Hospital Comandante Faustino Perez, in Matanzas, with clinical features of dyspnea, lingual and palatal lesions, and also bloody expectoration with plentiful larvae. We decided to carry up a surgery to clean mechanically the lesions he had.

Estudo da colonização na asofaringeana por Streptococcus pneumoniae em crianças com suspeita clínica de pneumonia / Naasofaringeana study of colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae in children with clinical suspicion of pneumonia

Streptococcus pneumoniae constitui um dos mais importantes patógenos bacterianos do trato respiratório, podendo causar infecções invasivas e não invasivas, levando a altas taxas de morbi-mortalidade, particularmente em crianças menores de cinco anos de idade. A bactéria ganha acesso ao hospedeiro através da colonização da nasofaringe, que representa um importante reservatório para a transmissão deste patógeno na comunidade, contribuindo para a disseminação horizontal de S. pneumoniae entre os indivíduos de uma população. No presente estudo, procuramos caracterizar o perfil de colonização nasofaringeana por S. pneumoniae em pacientes menores de cinco anos de idade com suspeita clínica de pneumonia, atendidos na Unidade de Saúde de São Marcos, Bairro de Pau da Lima, Salvador, no ano de 2009. Um total de 205 swabs foram coletados entre as crianças consideradas elegíveis para o estudo. Os isolados de S. pneumoniae foram identificados através de métodos microbiológicos clássicos e a determinação do sorogrupo/sorotipo foi realizada empregando-se a técnica de Multiplex-PCR. A sensibilidade a sete antimicrobianos foi testada através da técnica de microdiluição em caldo, sendo que os isolados com CIM para penicilina ≥ 0,125 μg/mL foram considerados não-susceptíveis. A técnica de PFGE foi realizada para 26 isolados correspondentes aos sorotipos mais frequentes e associados a não-sensibilidade à penicilina (sorotipos 14, 19F e 23F). Um total de 72 (35,1%) crianças foram diagnosticadas com pneumonia, sendo 39 (54,2%) menores de dois anos de idade. A taxa de colonização geral foi de 50,2%, não havendo diferença entre essas taxas quando se considerou o grupo de crianças confirmadas e suspeitas para pneumonia. Crianças na faixa etária de 36 a 47 meses formaram o grupo com maior risco de ter pneumonia bacteriana (OR: 3.17 [1.29-7.88]). Entre os sorotipos encontrados, o sorogrupo 6 (6A/6B) (17,3%) foi predominante, seguido dos sorotipos 14 (15,4%), 19F (10,6%), sorogrupo 15 (15B/15C) (9,6%), 23F (6,7%) e o sorotipo 19A (6,7%). Os demais sorotipos e sorogrupos compreenderam 33,7%. O padrão de sorotipos foi semelhante aqueles encontrados nos casos de meningite pneumocócica na cidade de Salvador. Um total de 41 isolados (39,8%) apresentaram CIM ≥ 0,125 μg/mL para penicilina e a resistência a SMX-TMP foi identificada em 69,2% dois isolados. A tipagem por PFGE identificou 11 padrões eletroforéticos, sendo que a maioria dos isolados do sorotipo 14 estavam relacionados a clones amplamente disseminados entre os casos de doença pneumocócica (“A” e “GK”). Um total de 50,5% dos isolados foram de sorotipos inclusos na vacina decavalente (PCV10) e considerando os isolados não-susceptíveis à penicilina, esta representatividade foi de 90,2%. O estudo ressalta a importância de um contínuo monitoramento do perfil de sorotipos na colonização nasofaringeana por S. pneumoniae, no período pós-vacina e da necessidade de busca.

Application of narrow band imaging endoscopy in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal lesions / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the value of narrow band imaging (NBI) endoscopy in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal lesions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between December 2009 and April 2010, a total of 124 patients with nasopharyngeal lesions were examined with electronic nasopharyngolaryngoscope equipped with the white light mode and NBI mode. The biopsies of nasopharyngeal lesions were done in all patients. The characteristics of morphologies of mucosa and mucosal superficial vessels of each lesion under NBI mode were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of all cases, there were 1 of papilloma, 87 of lymphoid follicular hyperplasia and chronic inflammation, 11 of nasopharyngeal cysts, and 25 of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. According to the pathological results, the morphologies of nasopharyngeal lesions under NBI mode were quite different. The color depth of the mucosa could be divided into four types: light red (+), dark red (++), prunosus (+++), and blue or blue black (++++). Under NBI, the color depths were (+) in papilloma, (++) in nasopharyngeal cysts, and (+++) in lymphoid follicular hyperplasia and chronic inflammation, without abnormal vessels. The color depths were (+++)-(++++) in nasopharyngeal cancer, with abnormal vessels.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>NBI has a potential ability to predict pathological results of nasopharyngeal lesions.</p>

Treatment of nasopharyngeal atresia with dual U-shaped mucosal flap repair and local dilatation / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#The aim of current work was to investigate the methodology and effect of dual U-shaped mucosal flap repair plus local dilatation for the treatment of nasopharyngeal atresia.@*METHOD@#Nine patients with nasopharyngeal stenosis were treated with dual U-shaped flap to repair the wound of retropharyngeal and soft palate mucosa. and then dilated by implanting a silicone tube.@*RESULT@#The silicone tube was removed 6 months after the operation. The transverse diameter of nasopharynx maintained at about 2.0 - 2.5 cm, and anteroposterior diameter at about 1.0 cm. All cases had good nasal patency except velopharyngeal insufficiency and nasal regurgitation of food. After a 2 years follow-up, all cases had a good result except one still had the nasal regurgitation of food.@*CONCLUSION@#U-shaped mucosal flap repair with local dilatation is an effective method for treatment of nasopharyngeal atresia.